Instrumentation Outline

Digitization and Image Types

• Digitization and Image Types
  • Image Generation and Processing
    • Digital vs. Analog
      • Analog
      • Digital
      • Digital/Analog Comparison
  • Binary Representation of Digital Infomation
    • Byte Sizes
  • Digital Storage
  • Processing Requirements
• Raster vs Vector Images

• Digital Representation of an Image
  • Resolution
  • Pixel Mapping and Color Mapping
  • Brightness
  • Gray Scale vs. Color
• Color Sytems
• Color Formats
  • RGB
  • YUV
  • CYM
  • HSV
• Image File Formats

Image Acquisition

• Digital Processing
• Digital Scan Conversion
  • Digitization of Video Output
• Preprocessing
  • Pixel Operations
  • Moving Window Operations
  • Temporal Operations
  • Feature Enhancement and Segmentation
  • Edge Detection
  • Thresholding
  • Region Growing and Split and Merge
  • Texture Analysis
  • Optimal Edge Detection Method
• Postprocessing
• Quantification and Interpretation
  • Clinical Application
    • Accoustic Quantification
• Off-Line Processing

Digital Image Compression

• Digital Image Storage
• Lossy vs Lossless Compression
• Compression Formats
  • JPEG
  • JPEG 2000
  • Huffman Encoding
  • RLE
  • GIF
  • BMP
  • Fractal
  • TIFF
  • MPEG
  • DCT
  • Wavelet
  • DICOMM

Knobology

• Screen
• Monitor
• Setup Controls
• Power Output
• Recording Devices
• Keyboard
• Analysis Package
• Mode Control

2D Mode

• 2D Controls
• Field of View
  • Depth
  • Sector Scan Size
• Zoom
• Gain
  • Time Gain Compensation (TGC)
  • Lateral Gain Compensation (LGC)
• Colorize
• Image
  • Frequency
  • Transmit Zone
  • Compress
  • Power
  • Postprocessing
  • Persist
  • Scan Line Density
• Secondary Modes
  • Harmonic Fusion
  • Soft Echo Enhancement
• Epiaortic Echocardiography

B Mode

• Field of View
• Gain
• Colorize
• Frequency
• Compress
• Power
• Persist
• Steering
• Postprocessing
• Edge Enhancement

• Field of View
• Gain
• Colorize
• Frequency
• Compress
• Power
• Persist
• Steering
• Preprocessing

Pulse Wave Doppler

• Pulse Wave Doppler (Standard)
  • High Pulse Repetition Frequency
  • Continuous Wave Doppler
  • CWD/PWD Comparison
• Settings
  • Field of View
  • Doppler Gain
    • 2D Global Gain
  • Scale
  • Colorize
  • 2D Frequency
  • Compress and Reject
  • Focal Zone
  • Angle Correction
  • Gate Length
  • Filter
  • Baseline Shift
  • Sweep Speed
  • Sample Volume Depth

Continuous Wave Doppler

• Continuous Wave Doppler (CWD)
  • Comparison of Doppler Modes
• Settings
  • Field of View
  • Doppler Gain
  • Scale
  • Baseline Shift
  • Colorize
  • Compress and Reject
  • Power
  • Filter
  • Sweep Speed

Color Mode

• Color Controls
• Field of View
• Gain
  • 2D Gain
  • Color Gain
• Velocity Scale
  • Velocity Scale and Depth
  • Velocity Scale and Field of View
• Color Map
  • Baseline
  • Dial-a-Jet
• Image Controls
  • Frequency
  • Packet (Ensemble Length)
  • Smoothing
  • Persistence
  • Density
  • Filter
  • Power
  • Tissue Priority
  • Black/White Suppress
  • Color Suppress
• Secondary Modes
  • Tissue Doppler