Basic Principles Outline

• Physical Properties
  • Sound Waves
    • Rarefaction
    • Compression
    • Amplitude
    • Decibels
    • Acoustic Pressure
    • Propagation Velocity
    • Frequency
  • Frequency-Wavelength-Propagation Velocity Relationship
• Penetration
• Resolution-Penetration Relationship
• Amplitude
  

Ultrasound Waves

• Tissue Interaction
• Reflection
  • Angle of Incidence
  • Dropout
  • Tissue Boundary Width
  • Specular Reflector
  • Acoustic Impedence
    • Density
    • Acoustic Impedence Mismatch
• Scattering
• Hematocrit Effect
• Refraction
• Attenuation
  

Transducers 

• Piezoelectric Crystal
• Pulse Length
• Ring Down Time
• Depth of Structure
• Frequency Bandwidth
• Aliasing
• Transducer Components
• Piezoelectric Crystal Arrangement
  • Single/Double
  • Mechanical Transducer
  • Phased Array Transducer
    • Linear Array
    • Annular Array
• Sector Scanning
  • Beam Steering/Focusing
• Transducer Properties
  • Frequency
  • Focal Depth
  • Bandwidth
  • Aperature
  • Transducer Types (Alternate)

Ultrasound Beam 

• Unfocused Beam
  • Near Field
  • Focal Point
  • Far Field
  • Near Field Length
  • Divergence Angle
• Focused Beam
  • Focal Zone
  • Side Lobes
  • Grating Lobes
  • Beam Shapes
• Resolution
  • Axial Resolution
  • Lateral Resolution
  • Elevational Resolution

Indications, Complications

• Indications
  • Category I
  • Category II
  • Category III

Bioeffects and Biosafety

• Bioeffects
  • Thermal
  • Cavitaion
  • Other
• Biosafety